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The behaviour of single photons is determined by chance. What does this mean when determining the polarisation of single photons?
Behind the polarisation rotator, the photon encounters a polarising beam splitter. Due to the crystal structure of the polarising beam splitter, a horizontal and a vertical axis are defined. If the incident photon is polarised along the vertical axis, there is a one hundred per cent probability that it will be transmitted, and that it will encounter the “White” detector.
We will now turn the direction of polarisation of the incident photon out of the vertical axis in 15° stages. A black-and-white random pattern emerges, that has a constantly increasing number of black measurement results, and a constantly reducing number of white measurement results.
If the incident photon is polarised along the horizontal axis, it will, with one hundred per cent certainty, be reflected, and will encounter the “Black” detector.
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