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In this experiment we observe light passing two polarisation filters. The first filter defines a polarization axis. Only the component of light polarized parallel to that axis can pass the filter.
If the polarization axis of the second filter is parallel to the first one, the light intensity does not change.
If we alter the angle of the second filter, we see that the light intensity decreases. If the filters are orthogonal, no light will pass any more.
The light intensity increases again if the angle increases towards 180°. The filters are then once again parallel to one another.
In such a way, we obtain the angle-dependent “intensity distribution, shown as a red ellipse.
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